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The Weymouth School Of Defense







The Second Address To Joseph Weymouth
upon the occassion of the award of
Blackbelt in American Kodokan Judo

~"~


October 30th, 2019



I wrote this Second address hoping it would serve you better, Joseph. Again, this address is regarding the matter of the holding of Rank and title (in Japanese this is called: yūdansha, a so-called 'Black-belt' holder). As a document it was entered and presented here, before all to whom it may concern, and whomever it may not?  Under our own rules and customs, as well as those common to others with similar practices, the issuance and holding of rank within the Dankyūsei Rank System has some relevant importance. One must also bear in mind that the Dankyūsei as a system differs from the Dankai system used in the Shinden Yōshin Ryū school of Jujutsu that we use. The two aren't quite the same ranking system, really. When a person first reaches the rank of Shodan (1st Degree Blackbelt) it is customary to say something... to make the occassion more meaningful, one knows. I myself have never really cared for 'common routines' unless in fact they have some real significance (and I know that you share this dislike with me, I will try to keep these statements useful to you then.) So, my real intention here is to make this useful for you even later in life, so that you can return some day to what I said in this Second address and perhaps gain some insight. Keep both of the addresses I wrote you and bring them together now and then. You will find that, occassionally, it's helpful to you over the years. You are my oldest son, but on these subjects that has little bearing at all. Read this address, since that is your duty, and bear it in mind when it would be at all useful to you to read them both again. Below this address are the links to your old and new Rank Certificates along with the transcript documents that go with each rank.


THE WEYMOUTH SCHOOL OF DEFENSE

As always, you will excuse me for making some usage of Japanese terminology here in the body of the Second address, but it's often said that Japanese is the lingua-franka of Jujutsu. We do hold and understand that, in reality, it's all universal and that Jujutsu is only the specific Japanese incarnation of the body of knowledge that generally makes up the subject of such things as paramilitary unarmed combat. Being that the Japanese schools had actually maintained a codified form of these arts descended from history itself (whereas others could barely claim to have done so at all) the older and more original branches of our school saw these Japanese systems and arts as being the source of a much more reliable methodology by which to protect themselves, or to survive war-time. The Weymouth School of Defense is over 200 years old now, and has been known by other common names, most notably the Wymark School of Defense which is quite often considered to be the original name of the school. The Wymark School of Defense was sometimes called the Wymark School of Fencing and consisted of Saber and dagger work, Hand to hand combat (especially the common sword disarms used in traditional saberwork to steal the man's sword away), Staff and Cane work, Long gun and Small arms, Campfire methods and Trail blazing methods. It was rather famous, even if it was a smaller school and was well known for its Saberwork (usage of specific forms of the British or American Saber and the techniques for them. Circa 1910.) Elements of the school show up in other edifices, sets of techniques or practices usually named the "Wymark method". Our branch of the school is, of course, called the Weymouth School of Defense but really doesn't differ from the Wymark School in any other signifcant way except for the usage of Shinden Yōshin Ryū Jujutsu techniques. Even the shield we use to represent the school is almost the same exact design, three stars surrounding two crossed daggers. They say that there were a few different versions of this shield, but really they all have three stars and two crossed blades. They are almost always drawn in black and white, but when these shields do have colouration, that would most usually denote a specific familial sub-branch of the school (we aren't supposed to use it unless we came from the sub-branch.) I wish that you would remember all of this. Some branches of the Wymark School of Defense were known to have migrated to North American shores around about the 1840's through 1880's, and then became a known New England School of Fencing by 1910 c.e. Fact is that this school of the defense arts got a certain amount of usage on the shores of New England and the shorelines beneath New England in the late 1800's and early 1900's, as everyone knows that the shores were plagued by both pirates and brigands of highwaymen until about 1915 c.e. They had a definitive preference for the Saber and would not resort to full length Rapiers, per se. They used a long thin straight 'dagger' instead (about a foot and a half long, looks similar to a giant flat needle with a handle attached, held in the left hand when fighting with the saber). The branch called the Weymouth School of Defense formed around 1910 c.e. and became a separate branch by 1945 c.e. Around the time that the Wymark School of Defense began showing up in New England (especially around the 1880's) it had also begun forming the Codes of Conduct that later were given the name "the Old Rulings". The Old Rulings were a corpus of decisions and a description of what to do about certain kinds of troubles. They are inseparable from this school, and they also describe its history in rather simple terms. As the rulings were formed and written down, they ended up "old" so the "New Rulings" were formed, starting around the post WWII war period (early 1950's) during the Indo-Chinese Wars. The first thing that the "New Rulings" did was receive and accept the "Old Rulings", duly noting which of them had become outmoded and outdated. Our branch has its own separate set of "New Rulings" which do likewise. Examples of the Old and New Rulings: "When a ruffian assaults you, and you are yet unarmed, you must show quiet courage... contrive to steal away a weapon or two...attack them when they do not expect it...", "We may not desist from pursuit of the necessary methods of defense, or we will not be able to protect our property and children..." A very famous example of both the later Old Rulings and some of the early New Rulings: "Continuation of the Great Wars: It is evident that the wars are not really over..." and "... no man should fail to instruct his sons in the necessities of such an occassion... or the young man's life may be forfeited..." also it says of this: "When a young man's life is forfeit...he may yet arise the occassion as a matter of instinct... and he may yet prevail,,," and also "When said man does not arise from mere instinct but instead from a sense of delibracy... even more so he may yet prevail... but in either case he could just as well have failed..." On the subject of the Privilige of Orders (which the right to give orders to a soldier and have them obeyed, or to give Societal and Police Orders) both sets of rulings state: "A man must obey his orders, but when your life is in peril by such obedience then you must suspend their privilige [to give orders]... seek your own necessary best interest and defend yourself even from them..." There are many different rulings that speak of the Great Wars (WWI and WWII)... fortunately for us, many that predicted the emergence of WWIII proved not to be so accurate. The Codes of Conduct referred to as the Old and New Rulings are the backbone of the School, in effect they are the School and at the same time they are an expression of the School. Now you know more about the history of our school. Do you get the impression that I am quoting something in the passages of this address? Most people would recognise that I am. I cannot stress enough to you the importance of understanding these affairs. And so I say it outright in this address: We do not so much pursue the  artifice of the schools of Kano Jujutsu and early Kodokan Judo but instead, we conduct the affairs of our own School and family. We do not particularly care for things Japanese, and your own disregard and dislike for them, son, was born out of this same sentiment. The Judo and Jujutsu came to exist within these as a means to an end. Meant to provide a fuller system of unarmed combat because originally that is what they were.
 
ON THE VARIOUS CUSTOMS... AND CUSTOMS OF RANKING

It is true that the adoption within the School, of Judo and Jujutsu itself, was most originally from the schools of which Kano Jujutsu and very early Kodokan Judo were composed of. The Wymark School of Defense picked these up between 1885-1915 (common back then among both Britains and Americans). At the time Judo commonly used the technqiues of the Body, sword and staff arts (later omitted from sports style Judo) and this was viewed as consistent with the existing contents of the school, especially wherein the Japanese sword was quite comparable to the Saber (given the curvature of the blade) and the Hand to hand combat tactics were largely geared to take the opponent's weapon from him and make use of it oneself. Later, the hand to hand combat the school used was the common wartime equivalent called 'Combat Judo' at the time of the Great Wars (World War 1&2), as did our branch, during WWII. That was really when our branch began to emerge as distinct from the more original branch(-es) of the School of Defense and now have become fully separate and distinct from one another. By this date, our branches have been separate for about 100 years. The arts called Kano Jujutsu and very early Kodokan Judo were just forms of Goshin-jujutsu technique at the time, that is to say, techniques of the self defense arts. Judo had not evolved into a sports form yet, there were no sports Judo meets or competitions back then. Sports Judo is a completely different system from the one we use (ours is the older original Judo that was simply used for self protection.) It was originally a system that made avid use of Body, sword and staff techniques -- and we still have this form of it today in our school. Of the Wymark School of Defense and the earlier incarnation of the Weymouth School of Defense any of these that gave in and became Sports Judo schools almost always became extinct -- because you can't practice our methods and sports methods too (it is not allowed in the sports arena, of course. Why would it be?) The original curriculum espoused by Kano Jujutsu and very early Kodokan Judo was typified by usage of the Shodan and Chūdan levels of both Tenjin Shinyō Ryū and the Kitō Ryū as schools of Jujutsu, namely, as a method of defense. Later in time they formulated what is called now the "Early Kodokan Syllabus" which became famous world wide. Of course, our School and its earlier branches absorbed that as well (we use the two systems almost separately, denoting that the later system called the "Early Kodokan Syllabus" was actually derived by re-ording elements of the Shodan and Chūdan levels of both Tenjin Shinyō Ryū and the Kitō Ryū anyways.) Some branches of the Wymark School of Defense did end up dropping the earlier curriculum (Tenjin Shinyō Ryū and the Kitō Ryū based) in favor of the "Early Kodokan Syllabus", effectively abbreviating their unarmed combat tactics to have done so. Branches like ours did not think that the abbreviation was very wise, if anything, one might instead want to increase one's repetoire in a reasonable fashion -- doing otherwise might weaken you and the school both. The advent of the sports form Judo did sort of throw the baby out with the bath water in regard to all of this. And as I said, any of our branch schools that gave in and became Sports Judo schools almost always became extinct -- because you can't practice our methods and sports methods too. They really aren't compatible at all.  

WHY DO WE HAVE COLOURED BELT RANKS AT ALL IN OUR FAMILY SCHOOL?

You might ask me: "Then how did we come to accept and make use of the coloured belt system, wasn't that part of the sports Judo and Karate systems?"
The answer is rather simple and direct: It is not and never was an invention of Judo and Karate as sports systems. It was formed and instituted in the earliest days of the Kodokan before any kind of sports system had developed within Judo or Karate. Judo formed and employed it whereas Karate-jutsu only adopted it from that source. It is not, in the original form, at all a demarcation of ranks within sportsmanship: it is a demarcation of rank and skill within the defense arts. The various branches of our school have had the Coloured Belt Rank System since at least 1945 c.e. Initially, there were only Five (5) Dan ranks (five blackbelt ranks) and Five (5) Kyū ranks (colored belt ranks under blackbelt). Later in time they expanded the coloured belt system so that there were Eight (8) Dan ranks and Five (5) Kyū ranks called the Gokyū Ritsusei (五級立制). This was the original ranking system and this is still what our School traditionally uses, because that was the Ranking system (Dankyūsei) when and as the school had most originally received Kano Jujutsu and very early Kodokan Judo. But later in time they increased the number of Lower ranks to Eight (8) Kyū ranks, so sometimes we use all Eight (8) Kyū ranks but sometimes we revert back to the usage of just Five (5) Kyū ranks. The rule here basically says that the Hakkyū Ritsusei (八級立制) is used and Hakkyū (8th of the Lower ranks) is given when the person has no former training AND is beneath the Age of 17 years old. But if that person being ranked has held some kind of firm Lower rank before (especially Sankyū 3rd Lower rank) then the Gokyū Ritsusei (五級立制) Five Lower Rank system is used, UNLESS the rank itself has fallen into disuse or it came from a fighting system that is too different to be compatible (so it cannot be entred into our records as a Sankyū, for example) A grown man or woman whom has had some training of some kind would usually be subjected to the Gokyū Ritsusei (五級立制) Five Lower Rank system. The fact is that among the Japanese, the extra three or more ranks (from Hakkyū down to Rokk) were added to accomodate older children in the ranks of the art (mainly, straight through the Japanese Public School system, at the time.). This is even more true of Nanak(9th Lower rank) and Jūkk (10th Lower rank) as these were intended for very young children. Adults were not meant to be subjected to either the Hakkyū Ritsusei (八級立制) or the JūkkRitsusei (十級立制), that would not have been considered appropriate at all. I wish that you would remember this. Our school (and many of the older original branches of the School) has only Eight (8) Dan ranks and Five (5) Adult Kyu ranks:

 ○ Hakkyū   (八級)     8th Lower Rank  --  Children's White Belt ("No Belt")
 ○ Shichikyū   (七級)  7th Lower Rank  --  Children's Yellow Belt ("No Belt")
 ○ Rokkyū   (六級)     6th Lower Rank  --  Children's Orange Belt ("No Belt")
Gokyū   (五級)   5th Lower Rank  --  White Belt (same as "No Belt") Children's Red Belt ("No Belt")
Yonkyū  (四級)  4th Lower Rank  --  White Belt (same as "No Belt") Children's Red Belt ("No Belt")
Sankyū  (三級)  3rd Lower Rank  --  Green Belt
Nikyū    (二級)  2nd Lower Rank  --  Green Belt
Ikkyū    (一級)  1st Lower Rank  --  Brown Belt  (informal Assistant Instructor)
Shodan  (初段)  1st Degree Blackbelt Rank (Yūdansha (有段者) "Man of Standing"  an actual member of the school. Assistant Instructor)
Nidan    (二段)  2nd Degree Blackbelt Rank
Sandan  (三段)  3rd Degree Blackbelt Rank
Yondan  (四段)  4th Degree Blackbelt Rank
Godan  (五段)  5th Degree Blackbelt Rank
Rokudan  (六段)  6th Degree Blackbelt Rank
Shichidan  (七段)  7th Degree Blackbelt Rank
Hachidan  (八段)  8th Degree Blackbelt Rank
 
There are actually several other schools and organisations that use this same Dankyūsei Ranking system, but most of them have, by now, added Kyūdan (九段) 9th Degree Blackbelt Rank and Jūdan (十段) 10th Degree Blackbelt Rank into their ranking system (but still maintain the Gokyū Ritsusei Five Lower Ranks System and use.the Hakkyū Ritsusei (八級立制) Eight lower ranks system quite the same way we do.) The old American Federation of Jujutsu under National Director Jeffrey Moore was a fairly good example of this. Our school's most recent School Charter License was given by them. Even in his own dojos and through most of the A.F.J. as a federation, they chiefly used the Gokyū Ritsusei Five Lower Ranks System. When they used the Hakkyū Ritsusei (八級立制) they used it more like we do. There are many schools and organisations that still use the Gokyū Ritsusei Five Lower Ranks System, we just happen to be one of them. According to the late "Old Rulings" and many of the "New Rulings" of our School in its various branches, the ranks of Kyūdan (九段) 9th Degree Blackbelt Rank and Jūdan (十段) 10th Degree Blackbelt Rank, when evidenced, are reserved for the Higher ranked Japanese practitioners (and even then, typically, they exist within a fairly large Japanese organisation and are not "stand alone" ranks, so to speak.) We do have absolute respect of the practices and customs of others, and we offer no complaint against them (according to the Rulings and Customs of our school). But our School and its customs are, for us, rather immutable. I wish that you would remember this.

WHAT IS THE PROCEEDURE FOR ADVANCING MEN THROUGH THE RANKS?

Most originally, prior to 1955, within our school and the older Branches from which it came: The average instructor was no higher ranked than the rank of Brown Belt. The Brown belt instructor would train men and provide their rank from White belt to Green belt. In order to appoint another Brown belt advancement, they formed a Panel of the existing Brown belts in the school and voted the prospective in or out, according to the Rules of Conduct. Likewise, that is how anyone gained a Blackbelt, the same Panel of Brown belts would determine by the vote whether or not the Blackbelt would be awarded. So (by 1949) there were a small number of "Black belts" that were members of the Panel. At the time, it was generally understood as a Shodan Blackbelt only, any rank above this would not have likely occurred in the School and its branches -- but they did recognise the existence of higher ranked Blackbelts. Around 1968, they discovered that a Breach of Protocol had occurred: According to the actual Rules of Judo and Jujutsu, anyone under 3rd Degree Blackbelt cannot rank a person to Brown belt or First Degree Blackbelt. The issue was resolved by seeking rank advancemnt outside of our School itself, from legitimate Judo clubs of an appropriate order (namely, those whom did not exclusively practice the newer "sports Judo" alone.) Two men were able to gain certification for the Sandan 3rd Degree Blackbelt. A "New Ruling" was made: "When the men of the school lack any other means by which to advance, the older practice of a Panel of Brown belts can determine new applicants to the rank of Brownbelt... but may not rank anyone to First Degree Blackbelt...one would, by necessity, seek Blackbelt rank from outside the school... through a reputable club or society capable of issuing the rank..." and also said: "...Any Panel that has at least one Nidan 2nd Degree Blackbelt ranked among them may award Shodan Blackbelt..." By the date of 1969, the availability of School Charter Licenses came into the picture. They made rulings that said: "Where available, there is a preference for gaining a Charter license... since these also imply the right and privilige to afford rank and title..." The School first became chartered around 1969 (as a school of Self Defense Judo, of course.) Our branch of the School does have the same Rules of Conduct, so I do usually maintain a Charter License and display it in an appropriate fashion. But our Branch of the school has already been chartered about three times now. The first time I acquired a Charter License for it was in 1981, but that organisation subsided a couple of years later. I acquired another Charter License around 1988 and that organisation subsided as well due to social upheavel that occurred at the time. The current Charter License was issued in September of 1999. The Weymouth School of Defense that we branched out of was chartered twice that I know of: once in 1969 and another instance of chartering  at about 1978. They displayed both charters for years. Charter Licenses are something we are supposed to make use of, according to the Rules and Customs of our familial school.

Modern customs as defined by the "New Rulings" of the School allow a Brown belt to award White and Green belt ranks. But the rules require us to be a minimum of Sandan 3rd Degree Blackbelt in order to award Brown belt and Blackbelt of either the First or Second Degree. Yondan Fourth Degree Blackbelt can award a Third Degree Blackbelt and so on. You have to be one Dan rank higher than the Dan rank that you are awarding. These are the rulings and customs of the school. I wish that you would remember this. 
You, son, are Shodan 1st Degree Blackbelt and can only award White and Green belt ranks. But, according to the "New Rulings" of the School to which we belong, only a Shodan 1st Degree Blackbelt and above is actually a full fledged Member of the School itself (Brown belt is called a "a Member pending endorsement" which means they are not yet a full fledged Member of the School.) This ruling is quite firm, even among the Japanese (such as originally in the Kodokan and similar schools or associations among the Japanese -- this is what the Shodan 1st Degree Blackbelt meant: actual standing and membership in the school or association.)
You, as a Shodan 1st Degree Blackbelt and ergo a full fledged Member of the School, do enjoy the privilege of sitting on a Panel and help determine Rank advancement. Your signature, when you do, is supposed to appear on the Rank Certificate and the Transcript documents that go with it. Please sign your name and indicate your rank after your signature ("1 D" or "1 Dan" would be usual.)
You, as a Shodan 1st Degree Blackbelt and also a full fledged Member of the School, do enjoy the Privilege of Nomination. You may not be able to rank a person to Brown Belt or Blackbelt yet, but you can, under the Rule of Nomination, enter Application to Nomination and request that either Brown Belt or Blackbelt be awarded to the person.
You, as a Shodan 1st Degree Blackbelt and also a full fledged Member of the School, can sit on any Council that is determining any revisions to the "New Rulings" of the School.
  You might have noticed that these listed Privileges were not mentioned or described when you were awarded the Shodan 1st Degree Blackbelt in the Shinden Yōshin Ryū Jujutsu. That should tell you something about how our Weymouth School of Defense actually handles this school and what it does and does not enjoy by way of standing. It has to do with the Old and New Rulings as we inherited them from the older Wymark School of Defense. The Shinden Yōshin Ryū simply doesn't have the same standing within our School that the North American Kodokan Judo has.


OTHER RELEVANT CUSTOMS OF AWARDING SIGNIFICANT RANK

There are various kinds of 'Brown belts' and 'Black-belts', they are given for various reasons and do not all mean the same thing. Some brown and black-belts (Dankyūsei system of ranking) are given strictly on the grounds of technical skill, having learned to repeat rote sets of mechanical movements (techniques). These ranks serve no other purpose, an acknowledgment of the performer's ability to rote repetition. Some brown belts and black-belts are given strictly on the grounds of technical skill of quite a different sort, namely, that of technical content (within the school or system attended.) These ranks serve no other purpose, a recognition of the holder's knowledge of technical content. Some brown belt and black-belt ranks are not given on the grounds of either form of technical knowledge, or that of technical skill at all, and have nothing to do with these subjects. They may be a form of an academic award, due to the function that the practitioner serves in the school or system. Or they may have been given on the basis of having held (earlier) rank for an extended period of time. Some are given on account of long term membership (with or without any earlier rank holdings) in a school or system. Some brown belt and black-belt ranks are given on the grounds of ability to teach others and thus were intended to provide such instruction and ranks to others. Some brown belt and black-belt ranks are not given for such purposes at all, and their holders cannot teach or rank others.

There are various kinds of brown belt and black-belt ranks.

Which kind of Rank and Title, Joseph, that you assist others to achieve, and may achive yourself, is largely at your discretion to decide. In a school like our own, and in such general practices, one can 'change gears' when done in a reasonable fashion and so increase the usefulness of their rank and station. This is outlined in the later "Old Rulings" and the "New Rulings" as well. It may happen, over the years, that you do not feel that another person is worthy of the rank they have received,  and that it is or has become a bit hollow and meaningless. This comes from the perception that it should mean something, at a basic level. Come back to this address on the subject that I gave you here, then you can find meaning for it all again. What meaning, in the end, is up to you. But the fact always remains that, like some few other schools or systems, our school is known and understood to ascribe to the practice of issuing (in a reasonable and cautious fashion) the Ranks on any available and reasonable basis that is useful to the general cause. In the end, son, it really means that (even in the individual's case) the rank is much the same... as if it has been issued for your own personal and due cause. If it does not first serve you yourself... then in what way could it possibly serve the school or system itself at all?? I assume you understand this, since it is an elementary concept. There is quite a bit more one could say here, but some measure of assistance regarding the subject was the point of the address, as you can see. 

Capacity and ability (to perform a thing) is called 'acquired skill'. Acquired skills are considered to be possessions in hand and are to be included here as a subject relevant to the discourse. They are a form of valuables. Skill and ability is a foundational subject for the purposes of the Weymouth School of Defense, and the paramilitary arts within the school. There are parts of the paramilitary arts that lend themselves very well to life and society in general, if only we will implement them. From one perspective or another, all skills and abilities are relevant and integral to the paramilitary arts. Beyond this, the strict subject of skill and ability is a matter of they're being valuable and useful. One must value his inherent strengths and abilities to accomplish or perform a thing, the result of valuing this is to seek training or self-education to learn new acquired skills and gain the power they may afford. However, the capacity to use these newly acquired strengths is limited in value when compared to the fine skills and abilities already possessed. There are plenty of skills in the world, and when deciding which of them to pursue, it can be helpful to make the determination by the visible degree of usefulness they might provide in any given activity. Skills which can be obtained by special efforts are "special skills" and these can be divided into two categories as indicated below. General skill levels have each about six categories (from novice up to expert.) which denote one's degree of capacity. General skills are common occurrence skills, stuff that most people have some degree of proficiency at. Special skills are sometimes called 'specialized skills', and are something that most people do not have any proficiency at. The sixth level of general skills is itself considered a special skill (a general skill that exists at proficiency levels so unusual that it can only be called a 'special skill'.) This is sometimes refered to as 'Mastery'. Special skills can be learned through education and apprenticeship, or they might be the bestowal of nature and inclination. In such case as by natural inclination, it is considered a violation not to pursue and perfect these skills for one's own employment. Every field that exists in life has both sets of skills, general and specialized skills.


THE IMPORTANCE OF MEMBERSHIP

This is to have and provide a place or position of belonging. For these purposes: membership in a suitable Martial Arts or Martial Arts related society, association or federation. Acquiring membership in something. A variety of associations and organizations to join. A variety of membership types available. Comradery and social interaction, if one desires it. And as one ought to know, there is the possibility of forming a society, association or federation within one's own grouping and circles for much the same reasons.  Either way, involvement leads to acquisition of experience and (increased) skills of proficiency which leads to recognition and reward. Not belonging is incorrect. Authenticity and genuineness are always couched in associative interactions. However, it can honestly be said that inauthentic and ingenuine articles tend to be validated by associative belonging. It is the irony of suffering invalidation and inauthentification -- membership of an approapriate order tends to resolve the problem. Cross-membership increases authenticity and genuineness by exposure to others and by relevant increase of experience and skills of proficiency which leads to further recognition and reward. Several types of organizations and associations and several types of available cross membership do surely exist. Sometimes some forms of membership are not voluntary (conscription into military service, public schooling, some forms of public citizenship.) Knowing when the involuntary membership and its responsibilities are genuine and legal, knowing when they are not, but there's nothing you can (legally) do about it. Knowing how to make even involuntary membership and its responsibilities work for you and how to gain benefit therefrom. You are already encountering it, of course, that being the case you might as well profit from it where you can.






Your Father,

Logan Weymouth
Shihan






JOSEPH WEYMOUTH'S JUDO RANK CERTIFICATES