ORIGIN OF TERMS AND KATA NAMES
A common language search (kanji entered into Sino-japanese databases and search engines) produces the following results.
Ashi Garame 足絡 Common language term means something like “locked circumstances” when as a conjugated verb 足絡まれて Ashi garamarete, seems to mean something like “unable to proceed; cannot get out”
Ashi Kudaki Common language construct “crushing the foot/ leg” consider : 足砕かれたって Ashi kudakarette “the foot is crushed”
Ashi rau 足輪ウ Uncommon language term Japanese and Chinese, used to describe the base of objects as “round footed” or “rounded base”, used to describe the feet of children (as being round in shape due to infancy.) Secondary language applications (religious & philosophical) [probably the source of the term in the Martial arts]: a term used to refer to the chakras of the feet (specifically, points on the soles of the feet.) SPECIAL NOTE: as some of you know, lots of inquiries have been received over the years regarding our usage of this term “ashi rau” and these often involving accusation and suppositions that [it's proof of our scalping and practicing the so-called 'Takamatsu-den' martial arts.] There have been insinuations that the kanji we employ are not authentic (that it's a non-existant term with kanji we invented.) DO THE FREAKIN' KANJI SEARCH YOURSELVES before you go there again. It's a common language term, and a standard term of Shinden yoshin ryu. Specialized Japanese language dictionaries do list 'rau' (輪ウ) but usually written with appended hiragana instead (輪う) it is an infinitive tense verb 'ra.u' and means “to encircle; be encircled; to circle about”. Standard language dictionaries do not list it. Is this the same term found in the basic forms of the Takamatsu-den martial arts? I WOULDN'T KNOW FOR SURE, we aren't a Takamatsu-den school and never were. But from what I have seen, the Takamatsu-den always writes the term out in hiragana (足らう) and never present the kanji for 'rau'. What are the chances that our school's kanji are the correct kanji for the Takamatsu-den usage of the term? LESS THAN 45% CHANCE, since such terms are ryuha specific. Furthermore, from what I've seen, the ashi-rau of Takamatsu -den is not the same techniques (although very similar, the ashi rau of T-d seems to be leg-to-leg attacks?)
Ashi-sabaki 足捌 standard language term = “footwork; foothold; footing”
Ate Gaeshi 当返 (Archaic) still in use in modern Chinese but I have no clue how to translate it? Seems to mean something quite like “acquire; achieve.”
Atekomi standard language term, ateko.mu = “to Count on, depend upon; to make the mark”
Do Gaeshi 胴返 Does not show up as a language term at all in the searches.
Hana Hineri Common language term, Chinese and Japanese, but appears to be some kind of an idiom, instead of “Nose Wringing” it may mean something like “leading by the nose; tricking”
Ichimonji 一文字 Common language term = 'Straight Line; the number one”
Koshi Ori (? Arch ?) Well, this one's interesting, it's not a common language term in modern Japanese but it is in Chinese, I found several references that included it (a contextual construct such) “I struck my hip but the injury isn't very bad...” I suspect that archaic Japanese probably used it that same way?
Kaigo Kudaki 戒後砕 Does not show up as a language term in the searches.
Kaishi standard language term = “start; commencement; beginning; initiation“
Karame Dori 搦捕 / 絡捕 Common idiomatic language term (Chinese and Japanese) means something like: “being caught; tangled up (in circumstances)”.
Kasumi Dori 霞捕 (archaic) Language term idiomatic application seems to mean: “catch in the act” or to “catch something in a fashion that is unstoppable”. Still in use in modern Chinese.
Kasumi Uchi 霞打 (Archaic) still in use in modern Chinese but I have no clue how to translate it? Believe it or not it seems to have some meteorological connotation related to sunlight (weather associated term, Chinese.)
Kata Muna Dori 片胸捕 Does not show up as a Common language term in the searches, but 'kata muna' 片胸 itself does, as a reference to “single lapel” for such as jewelry or other accoutrements.
Katate dori Does not show up as a language term in the searches.
Katate Hodoki believe it or not, it's a standard language term but I can't find the translation, it shows up conjugated (Te-form of the verb 'katate-hodokita' ). No relationship to the meaning of Te hodoki. Best guess it means something like: “to give or present something”
Kerikomi standard language term, keriko.mu = “to kick in” (sometimes abbreviated to kekomu / kekomi in such mislabeled MA terms as mae-geri-kekomi “front thrust kick”.
Kihon No Happo Basic 8 Methods – terms like this include Kihon (no) juho, kihon (no) happo, kihon (no) roppo, kihon (no) goho and kihon (no) yonho, kihon (no) sanpo. These are common language terms used to denote basic items in a list of any kind. Most ryuha schools of Japanese budo use such terminology. One point of interest: the word 本 (hon) also means 'book(s)' so also kihon can mean “basic texts” and in some ryuha it actually does (refers to documents of record containing such lists and maybe descriptions also.)
Kobushi Nagashi 拳流 Does not show up as a Common language term in the searches, but does show up as a 'boxing' or 'fist-fighting' term, not unlike the English idiom “sucker punch” although it doesn't mean that, it is similar..
Ko Goroshi 子殺 Archaic (from Chinese), still in use in modern Chinese the meaning is “Child killing(s)”. Original meaning seems to have referred to the killing of lesser persons, female children?
Koromo Gaeshi 衣返 (Archaic) still extant in modern Chinese, idiomatic expression used to indicate counter-dressed parties (mix and match dressed persons), or similarly used to describe persons wearing matching uniforms.
Koshi Guruma 膝車 Does not show up as a language term in the searches.
Koshi Kudaki 腰砕 Common language term, koshikudake.ru (1) inadvertent collapse (sumo); (2) breaking down; weakening of one's attitude
Koshi Nage Does not show up as a language term in the searches
Kote Gaeshi Does not show up as a language term in the searches.
Kote Gyaku, Te Gyaku, Gyaku Te adaptation of standard language term (often by reversal of it's elements), gyakute = “unexpected twist; turning the tables”
Koto 虎倒 (Archaic) still in use in modern Chinese, idiomatic usage means “collapse suddenly; overcome suddenly” Appears in some religious connotations related to Buddhist teachings against tyrants.
Mimi Hineri Common language term, Chinese (?) and Japanese(?), appears to be an idiom, probably means “troubling racket; troublesome episode”.
Musha Dori 武者捕 archaic language term, still in use by modern Chinese, comparable in meaning to modern language terms such as 武者振り musha furi “prowess; gallantry; behaving like a warrior of old”. 武者震 / 武者顫 musha furui "trembling with excitement ”. Especially comparable in meaning to the first example, musha furi.
Oikage Dori 追掛捕 Does not show up as a language term in the searches.
Oni Kudaki Demon Crusher, actually “crushing a/the demon” is proper trans, historical religious term, recorded in Shinto-Buddhist religious tales [exact derivation uncertain in that I don't know which texts to quote.]
Oya Goroshi 親殺 Archaic, simple compound verbal noun (Chinese) meaning “killed; killing(s)” Still in use in modern Chinese. Some Japanese speakers say it's extant in modern Japanese but I can't find any confirming source texts.
Ransho 亂勝 (archaic) Language term, used by both Japanese and Chinese, standard and idiomatic application seems to occur (which means that translation is more difficult since the context determines the meaning.) Jap 'midare-gachi' = “undone victory” but this application seems to differ from 'ransho' pronunciation.
Ryo Muna Dori 両胸捕 Does not show up as a language term in the searches.
Ryote Dori heh heh heh, standard language term (sports terms) shows up both in modern Japanese and Chinese as the term for a two-handed catch (baseball.)
Ryote Hodoki believe it or not, it's a standard language term but I can't find the translation, it shows up conjugated (Te-form of the verb 'ryote-hodokita'). No relationship to the meaning of Te hodoki. Best guess (from context) it means “to lose possession of; to lose something dear to you”
Seoi Nage Does not show up as a language term in the searches (seoi does, but not the whole term.)
Tai Hodoki 体解 / 體解 archaic standard language term (originally from Chinese), religious connotations, occurrences in Buddhist [Lotus] sutras. Means “solving the body [of the great path]” means to 'unlock or unravel the substance of; mystery of ' and hence 'to break free from' (especially to break free from delusion or misconception.)
Take ori usually translated as “bamboo breaker” means instead “bamboo folding”, “folded bamboo” or “split bamboo” common CKJ decorative motif, might be found used as household plants or sometimes furniture or items made from bamboo. For example 竹折女扇 “Lady's folding fan [made from] split bamboo”. Buddhist terminology the zen koan-like expression: 竹折之声“the sound of bamboo breaking” which is actually where the kata technique name comes from. Common (MA) term, 竹折刀 "Split bamboo sword” (often a sword with a hilt and/or sheath made from split bamboo) , for example. As a kata name, it's not always pronounced 'take ori' one might find instead 'tetsu ori' (same kanji different pronunciation.) It usually means to bend back or break the fingers, but sometimes the wrist instead.
Te Hodoki standard language term = ”initiation; induction; introduction; learning the basics”
Tengu Dori 天狗捕 Does not show up as a language term in the searches.
Te-sabaki 手捌 standard language term = “handling; manipulation”
tori'ai standard language term, toria.u = “(1) to take each other's hands; to clasp (hands); (2) to compete; to scramble for; (3) to respond “
Tori-sabaki 取捌 standard language term, torisaba.ku = “to settle (a matter)”
Toritsuke standard language term, toritsuke.ru = “ to furnish; to install; to get someone's agreement “
Tsuki Ire 突入 Common language term. When pronounced 'tounyuu' = (n) [the act of] rushing; breaking into. As 'tsuki'ire' [from 'tsuki'ire.ru'] I think the proper translation is “rushing in on; breaking into” a meaning usually derived by the construct 'tounyuu suru' or something along these lines.
Uchikomi standard language term, uchiko.mu = “ to Drive in (something); to Dedicate oneself; to Shoot into; to Smash; to Throw into; to Cast into”
Uke'ai standard language term, uke'a.u = “to assure; to guarantee; to undertake”
uke'iri standard language term, uke'ire.ru = “to accept; to receive”
Yui Gyaku 唯逆 (Archaic) not in use (?) among the Japanese, still in use in modern Chinese, seems to mean “(being) against; (being) obstinate”
Yuki Chigae 行違 Common language term means ”misunderstanding; estrangement; disagreement; crossing without meeting; going astray” Proper romaji is apparently “yukichigai”. Seems to have historical meaning in that it's often rumored to refer to a breach of etiquette involving having allowed scabbards to accidentally touch in passing. Seems more historically accurate that it refers to the breach of reaching for another's sword [at the belt.] Dunno either way.
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